AMP - Zoonosis
is a disease caused by infectious organisms such as viruses, bacteria,
and parasites that can be transmitted from animals to humans, or vice
versa. Bird flu, is one of several diseases transmitted from animals to humans.
Veterinary Advisor, Borneo Orangutan Rescue Center, International Animal Rescue, Joost Philippa, said there has recently been an increase in zoonoses as human contact with animals increases. Especially on farms that have many animals but small shelter. "Surely, in every era of human life will always be accompanied by the emergence of new diseases."
Joost says, social and ecological changes related to the spread of human populations and changes in the environment and globalization, can also have implications for the emergence of zoonoses. "This disease also develops as the world develops rapidly," he explained.
Boedi Setiawan, Lecturer at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University Surabaya, said that zoonosis is a disease that can occur anywhere. "However, the impact has the potential to become severe (emerging zoonoses) if previously ever epidemic."
Veterinary Advisor, Borneo Orangutan Rescue Center, International Animal Rescue, Joost Philippa, said there has recently been an increase in zoonoses as human contact with animals increases. Especially on farms that have many animals but small shelter. "Surely, in every era of human life will always be accompanied by the emergence of new diseases."
Joost says, social and ecological changes related to the spread of human populations and changes in the environment and globalization, can also have implications for the emergence of zoonoses. "This disease also develops as the world develops rapidly," he explained.
Boedi Setiawan, Lecturer at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University Surabaya, said that zoonosis is a disease that can occur anywhere. "However, the impact has the potential to become severe (emerging zoonoses) if previously ever epidemic."
Boedi explained, the disease can use animals as a medium for its survival. Direct
zoonosis, the disease agent requires only one vertebrate as a host
between the direct disease-borne disease, that is, the disease agent
infects the animal and then moves on to humans.
There is also Cyclo zoonosis, an illness agent requiring two or more vertebrate hosts. Meta zoonoses, disease agents require vertebrate hosts and invertebrates. Alternatively, Sapro zoonosis, the disease agent requires a host between organic matter or non-soulful living matter as a place for accumulation of disease.
Many factors can trigger disease in animals. "The disease can attack primarily in conditions of weak animals, stress, dirty environment, and poor maintenance," he explained.
There is also Cyclo zoonosis, an illness agent requiring two or more vertebrate hosts. Meta zoonoses, disease agents require vertebrate hosts and invertebrates. Alternatively, Sapro zoonosis, the disease agent requires a host between organic matter or non-soulful living matter as a place for accumulation of disease.
Many factors can trigger disease in animals. "The disease can attack primarily in conditions of weak animals, stress, dirty environment, and poor maintenance," he explained.
The
mode of transmission of diseases from animals to humans can be through
various vectors, such as organisms that carry pathogens from one host to
another. Vectors that can bring disease to humans include insects (insects). For example through mites (flea) or ticks that are consumed by infected animals and then eaten by humans. In the process, they transmit infectious organisms. "Zoonotic disease is often fatal, both for animals and humans."
However, we often do not know the dangers that threaten if the disease, because less alert and do not know. Often we just realized after a complete examination as well as in cases of toxoplasmosis. "This disease is not enough to be diagnosed only based on clinical symptoms, but it can only be confirmed after a blood test with the right method," said Boedi.
To avoid or minimize zoonoses, we require early monitoring and detection of disease outbreaks in animals and humans, so that effective control strategies can be carried out at an early stage. "Limiting exposure is also very important that improving hygiene and safety in farms. Or, minimize contact with wild animals by stopping forest encroachment and stopping the consumption of wild animals, "said Joost.
However, we often do not know the dangers that threaten if the disease, because less alert and do not know. Often we just realized after a complete examination as well as in cases of toxoplasmosis. "This disease is not enough to be diagnosed only based on clinical symptoms, but it can only be confirmed after a blood test with the right method," said Boedi.
To avoid or minimize zoonoses, we require early monitoring and detection of disease outbreaks in animals and humans, so that effective control strategies can be carried out at an early stage. "Limiting exposure is also very important that improving hygiene and safety in farms. Or, minimize contact with wild animals by stopping forest encroachment and stopping the consumption of wild animals, "said Joost.
Type Zoonosis
There are various kinds of zoonoses that people need to know to watch out for:
Inflammation of the brain or Japanese encephalitis
Viral infections in the central nervous system caused by mosquito bites with pigs. This type has initial complaints of fever, headache, decreased consciousness, tremors, and seizures. Further complaints can cause muscle stiffness, abnormal breathing to coma. Incubation period is 4-14 days with a healing period of seven weeks.
Leptospirosis or Weil 'S Disease, Haemorrhagic Jaundice
The source of the disease is from rats, cows, goats, sheep, horses, pigs, dogs, cats, birds, as well as insectivores like hedgehogs, bats, squirrels. Mode of transmission through contaminated material urine leptopspirosis pain hospital through mucous membrane (mucosa) eyes, nose, skin blisters, and digestive tract. Incubation period 4-19 days, severe complications can cause 54% death.
Anthrax
Antracian spores are derived from anthrax bacteria that occur naturally in the soil and can be in inactive condition for many years until finding suitable hosts such as wild animals or farm animals. Transmission can be through the skin, digestion, breathing. This disease can cause death.
Mad cow or Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy / BSE
Disorders of the brain caused by prion infection (abnormal protein in livestock). Prions are found in many parts of the animal body such as the brain, eyes, and spinal cord. Humans affected by this disease will experience motor disruption that is paralysis that leads to death, also great irritation. The spread of this disease can also occur between humans.
There are various kinds of zoonoses that people need to know to watch out for:
Inflammation of the brain or Japanese encephalitis
Viral infections in the central nervous system caused by mosquito bites with pigs. This type has initial complaints of fever, headache, decreased consciousness, tremors, and seizures. Further complaints can cause muscle stiffness, abnormal breathing to coma. Incubation period is 4-14 days with a healing period of seven weeks.
Leptospirosis or Weil 'S Disease, Haemorrhagic Jaundice
The source of the disease is from rats, cows, goats, sheep, horses, pigs, dogs, cats, birds, as well as insectivores like hedgehogs, bats, squirrels. Mode of transmission through contaminated material urine leptopspirosis pain hospital through mucous membrane (mucosa) eyes, nose, skin blisters, and digestive tract. Incubation period 4-19 days, severe complications can cause 54% death.
Anthrax
Antracian spores are derived from anthrax bacteria that occur naturally in the soil and can be in inactive condition for many years until finding suitable hosts such as wild animals or farm animals. Transmission can be through the skin, digestion, breathing. This disease can cause death.
Mad cow or Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy / BSE
Disorders of the brain caused by prion infection (abnormal protein in livestock). Prions are found in many parts of the animal body such as the brain, eyes, and spinal cord. Humans affected by this disease will experience motor disruption that is paralysis that leads to death, also great irritation. The spread of this disease can also occur between humans.
Tuberculosis (TB)
Cow tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis var infection. bovis (M. bovis). This disease is infectious, infectious and chronic diseases. This type of bacteria is part of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex that can infect cattle, wild animals, and humans.
Rabies
This disease often appears after having bites of dogs infected with rabies virus. Cats, monkeys, and other wildlife can also be the vector of the disease. The danger of this virus is that it can attack the brain and nervous system, so rabies patients show clinical symptoms of hydrophobia (fear of water), itching, bite, fever, and aggressive.
Hepatitis E
Generally the disease appears in areas of water shortages, minimal sanitation, and low health services. This virus is a virus hepatitis is quite unique because the animal is its reservoir. If the virus enters the body and infects the intestine, it multiplies then causes an acute failure in liver function resulting in death. Symptoms are shown almost the same as other hepatitis patients, such as skin yellowing, dark urine, and frequent vomiting.
Avian Influenza (Bird flu)
Bird flu is a type of influenza. This disease is caused by viruses that are transmitted from birds to humans. This disease does not immediately appear after the virus into the human body, it took 3-7 days before the symptoms initially appeared. Like diarrhea, bleeding in the gums and nose, chest and muscle pain, cough, high fever, and headache.
Bird flu attacks the respiratory tract causing a problematic supply of oxygen. As a result, the oxygen levels in the blood decrease so that other organs do not work properly. Organ that can be dependent, among others, such as heart, kidney, even brain.
Cow tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis var infection. bovis (M. bovis). This disease is infectious, infectious and chronic diseases. This type of bacteria is part of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex that can infect cattle, wild animals, and humans.
Rabies
This disease often appears after having bites of dogs infected with rabies virus. Cats, monkeys, and other wildlife can also be the vector of the disease. The danger of this virus is that it can attack the brain and nervous system, so rabies patients show clinical symptoms of hydrophobia (fear of water), itching, bite, fever, and aggressive.
Hepatitis E
Generally the disease appears in areas of water shortages, minimal sanitation, and low health services. This virus is a virus hepatitis is quite unique because the animal is its reservoir. If the virus enters the body and infects the intestine, it multiplies then causes an acute failure in liver function resulting in death. Symptoms are shown almost the same as other hepatitis patients, such as skin yellowing, dark urine, and frequent vomiting.
Avian Influenza (Bird flu)
Bird flu is a type of influenza. This disease is caused by viruses that are transmitted from birds to humans. This disease does not immediately appear after the virus into the human body, it took 3-7 days before the symptoms initially appeared. Like diarrhea, bleeding in the gums and nose, chest and muscle pain, cough, high fever, and headache.
Bird flu attacks the respiratory tract causing a problematic supply of oxygen. As a result, the oxygen levels in the blood decrease so that other organs do not work properly. Organ that can be dependent, among others, such as heart, kidney, even brain.
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